Chapter 2: Atoms from GOB Chemistry by Zoval
Learning Goals
To successfully learn and apply the concept of the atom, I must be able to:
To successfully learn and apply the concept of the atom, I must be able to:
- Describe the subatomic structure of an atom
- Define the terms element and atomic symbol.
- Explain how the elements are arranged in the periodic table based on the number of protons they contain.
- Explain how atomic number and mass number are used to indicate details of an atom's nucleus.
- Define the term isotope and explain how isotopes of an element differ from on another.
- Define the term mole and describe the relationship between moles and molar mass.
- Given the molar mass of an element, convert between number of atoms, number of moles, and mass (in grams).
StudyWork = Study + Homework
To perform well on any quiz or test about Atoms, I must:
To perform well on any quiz or test about Atoms, I must:
- Complete the "fill-in-the-blank" notes for Ch. 2 by referencing the chapter slides downloaded from the following links:
lecture_notes_ch2_atoms-v2_lr.pdf | |
File Size: | 295 kb |
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chapter-2-lecture-slides-v2_lr.pdf | |
File Size: | 528 kb |
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- Complete any worksheets or other work (i.e. ChemQuests) assigned and discuss all answers with my Pod.
- Read and study Zoval Ch. 2 or Timberlake Ch. 4 or Visual Analogy Guide "Atoms and Elements" - as needed for my success.
- Review the appropriate learning resources from this website - as needed for my success.
What are "Atoms" and do they REALLY exist?
Atoms are real - and they can be manipulated one-by-one to make new "designer" molecules and materials.
Scientists at the IBM Almaden laboratory in California teamed up with artists to create images by moving individual atoms on flat metallic surfaces - much like pointallism, the painting technique in which small, distinct dots of pure color are applied in patterns to form an image.
For example, the image at left is of the Kanji characters for "atom" constructed with iron (Fe) atoms individually deposited on a copper (Cu) surface. The literal translation is something like "original child."
Scientists at the IBM Almaden laboratory in California teamed up with artists to create images by moving individual atoms on flat metallic surfaces - much like pointallism, the painting technique in which small, distinct dots of pure color are applied in patterns to form an image.
For example, the image at left is of the Kanji characters for "atom" constructed with iron (Fe) atoms individually deposited on a copper (Cu) surface. The literal translation is something like "original child."
Making Movies at the Atomic Level !
You're about to see the movie that holds the Guinness World Records™ record for the World's Smallest Stop-Motion Film. The ability to move single atoms — the smallest particles of any element in the universe — is crucial to IBM's research in the field of atomic memory. But even nanophysicists need to have a little fun. In that spirit, IBM researchers used a scanning tunneling microscope to move thousands of carbon monoxide molecules (two atoms stacked on top of each other), all in pursuit of making a movie so small it can be seen only when you magnify it 100 million times. A movie made with atoms.
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A Boy And His Atom was created by a team of IBM Almaden scientists using a scanning tunneling microscope, Carbon monoxide molecules were manipulated into place on a copper substrate with a copper needle at a distance of 1 nanometer. They remain in place, forming a bond with the substrate because of the extremely low temperature of 5 K (−268.15 °C, −450.67 °F) at which the device operates. The oxygen component of each molecule shows up as a dot when photographed by the scanning tunneling microscope, allowing the creation of images composed of many such dots.
The team created 242 still images with 65 carbon monoxide molecules. The images were combined to make a stop-motion film. Each frame measures 45 by 25 nanometers. It took four researchers two weeks of 18-hour days to produce the film. Reference: |
Wikipedia contributors. A Boy and His Atom [Internet]. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; 2014 Sep 13, 13:33 UTC [cited 2014 Sep 14]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Boy_and_His_Atom&oldid=625371923.
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How did IBM researchers move all those atoms to make the world's smallest movie? This short behind-the-scenes documentary takes you inside the lab. Meet the scientists, see how they made a movie with atoms, and find out more about their research in the field of atomic memory and data storage. |
Assignment:
Watch these two (2) short videos on "seeing" and moving atoms. Come to class prepared to answer the following questions:
- List at least two (2) facts or ideas that you learned.
- In a 2 - 3 sentences, explain why you think that this research may be of importance to you in your future career(s).